Mrs Russell's Classroom 2022
  • Home
    • Assembly
    • Soap Box Competition
    • Brightpath
    • Creaney Dispositions
  • ENGLISH
    • Boggle
    • Spelling Activities
    • Year 4 English Curriculum
    • Amber Guardians- Book 1
    • Amber Guardians- Task 2
    • Year 4 English Judging Standards
    • The Firework-Maker's Daughter >
      • Door Display- FMD
    • Reading Comprehension
    • Writing >
      • Dialogue >
        • Leon and The Place Between
        • Task 1- Storyboard That!
        • Task 3- Direct and Indirect Speech Part 1 >
          • Task 3- Part 2
        • Task 2- Snack Attack
        • Task 4- Dynamic Dialogue
        • Task 1
      • Information Reports
      • Talk 4 Writing- Suspense >
        • Suspense Picture Prompts
        • Suspense Cold Task
      • T4W Mr Big- Characterisation >
        • Characterisation
        • The Most Magnificent Thing
        • Fronted Adverbials
        • Can you do better?
      • Writing Prompts
      • The Tree Giants
      • Newspaper Article
      • Talk 4 Writing- Narrative >
        • Character Descriptions
      • Persuasive Writing >
        • Persuasive Writing Task
        • Persuasive T4W Model Text
        • T4W: Persuasive Model Text
        • Introduction (Persuasive)
        • Rhetorical Questions
        • Hyperbole
      • T4W: Explanation Texts >
        • Auxiliary (Helping Verbs)
    • Novel Study >
      • Varjak Paw
      • Malamander >
        • Front Cover
    • Spelling >
      • Term 3 >
        • Week 1
        • Week 2
    • Fluency >
      • Term 2 Fluency Passages
      • Term 3 Fluency Passages
      • Term 4 Fluency Passages
      • 6 Minute Fluency
  • MATH
    • Year 4/5 Math WA Curriculum
    • Year 4/5 Math Judging Standards
    • NUMBER & ALGEBRA >
      • Fractions >
        • Fraction Wall
        • Equivalent Fractions
      • Inverse Operations
      • Division
      • Odd/Even Prime/Composite >
        • Odd/ Even
        • Prime and Composite
      • Factors and Multiples
      • Place Value >
        • Place Value Lessons
        • Place Value Resources
      • Estimation & Rounding
    • Money
    • Place Value
    • Arrays
    • Column Addition
    • Ordering Numbers
    • Time >
      • Time
      • Converting 24hr Time
      • Time -Task 2
      • Time =Task 3
      • Word Problems- Time >
        • Time Word Problems 2
        • Word Problems-Time LS
    • Math Fact Fluency- Why? >
      • Basic Fact Practice
      • 6 x Tables
      • 7 x Tables
      • 8 x Tables
      • Multiplication Mash up
    • MEASUREMENT & GEOMETRY >
      • Mass
      • Length
      • Perimeter
      • Area >
        • Area of Irregular Shapes
        • Perimeter and Area Project
      • Geometry- Angles >
        • Polyominoes
        • Transformations
        • Volume Squish
  • HASS
    • Year 4 HASS Curriculum
    • HASS Yr 4 Judging Standards
    • HISTORY >
      • Explorer Research
      • Endeavour
      • Dreaming with Eyes Wide Open
      • NAIDOC >
        • The Rabbits
      • Jandamarra
    • ANZAC Day >
      • Haiku Poetry
    • Geography >
      • Africa
      • Climate
    • Civics & Citizenship >
      • Rules and Laws
      • Levels of Government
      • Community
      • BTN-Kids Contribute
  • SCIENCE
    • Year 4 Science Curriculum
    • Yr 4 Science Judging Standards
    • Year 4 Physical Science- Force and Motion >
      • Forces >
        • Contact and Non-Contact Forces
        • Air Resistance & Bouyancy
        • Forces- Magnetism
        • Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
    • Fair Experiments
    • Biological Science >
      • Plants and Photosynthesis
      • Food Chain Vs Food Web
      • Food Web Stations
      • Life Cycle Stations >
        • READ IT!
        • EXPLORE!
        • ORGANISE!
        • EXTEND!
        • VOCABULARY!
      • Ecosystem/ Food Web Project
    • Chemical Science
    • Yr 4 Earth Space and Science >
      • Earth & Space Science Stations
      • Natural & Human Activities
  • DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
    • Year 4/5 Digital Technologies Curriculum
    • Net Smart Kids
    • Microbit
    • Peripheral Devices
    • Green Screen iMovie
    • Typing
    • Code
    • Dash & Dot
    • BINARY
    • Minecraft Edu >
      • Minecraft Hour of Code
      • Minecraft Comic Challenge
      • Inspiration Island
      • Minecraft- Starter Town
  • DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES
    • Design Technologies Curriculum
    • Designing/ Design Process
  • SEESAW- For Teachers
  • Minecraft Community
  • Biological Science
  • STEAM- CUPS
  • Personification
  • Mother's Day
  • Code- Bad Guys
  • Materials Investigation
  • Angles Extension
  • Padlet
  • Narwals- Information Text
  • Growth Mindset
  • Special Days
  • Assembly
  • BTN- Glass
  • PAT

Changes to the Earth's Surface

The Earth’s surface changes over time as a result of natural and human activity. Some things are taken away or damaged. Other things are formed or created. 

Natural Processes

Natural processes are happening every day. Over time these processes can cause changes to the Earth’s surface such as erosion and weathering. Some changes are sudden like those caused by volcanic eruptions or earth quakes.

Human Activities

Many activities that we do daily have an effect on the environment. These effects can be positive or negative on the Earth’s surface. Some of these activities can also cause natural processes to change or worsen and have a greater effect on the  Earth’s surface.

Plate Tectonics


 Underneath the surface of the Earth is the lithosphere. This is humongous chunks of land called plates that can be larger than whole continents or as small as half of Australia. 

These plates can move against each other and this slowly changes the location of the continents over millions of years.
The continents used to be all joint together and slowly, due to the movement of the plates, they drifted apart. 
​
Where two plates are being pushed up against each other one may move under the other and this can create mountains and volcanoes. 
Where the boundaries are being pushed apart, new land can be formed because of the magma that is pushed up and out. 
Picture
Picture

Volcanoes

Underneath the Earth’s surface is hot, liquid magma. Volcanoes are openings on the Earth’s surface that go deep down into it.

When a volcano becomes active it starts to erupt with magma coming to the surface and becoming lava and ash.
​
The lava can flow down the volcano and can carve out areas as it goes. When it eventually cools it can form new land structures.

Natural Processes

GLACIERS

Picture
Glaciers are large masses that have been formed over time when falling snow turns to ice and compresses together. Glaciers move very slowly as new snow pushes the old snow down mountains.
​

They can dam up water and create lakes as well as hit other surfaces and cause damage or sculpt out land under them by erosion.
Picture

WIND

Winds can be cold and fast. They can cause erosion of different rock and sand formations as they pick up and carry small pieces of rock or sand which slam and scrape against other surfaces.

WEATHERING

Picture
Weathering is when rocks, soil, minerals or materials come into contact with the atmosphere then water, natural chemicals and organisms slowly break them down.

​The temperature of the atmosphere can also change the surface of Earth. Rocks expand as they get hot and if they change temperature many times cracks can form.
Picture

RAINFALL

When rain falls through the sky it can dissolve chemicals from the atmosphere. When this hits the ground it can cause a chemical reaction that weakens the surface. The weight of rain can also change the surfaces especially those of sand. 

​As the rain continues fall it starts to form a runoff that can move loose soil and rock to new locations. In colder areas this rain can form ice that falls into cracks. As this water freezes it forces the crack apart further.
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  • Home
    • Assembly
    • Soap Box Competition
    • Brightpath
    • Creaney Dispositions
  • ENGLISH
    • Boggle
    • Spelling Activities
    • Year 4 English Curriculum
    • Amber Guardians- Book 1
    • Amber Guardians- Task 2
    • Year 4 English Judging Standards
    • The Firework-Maker's Daughter >
      • Door Display- FMD
    • Reading Comprehension
    • Writing >
      • Dialogue >
        • Leon and The Place Between
        • Task 1- Storyboard That!
        • Task 3- Direct and Indirect Speech Part 1 >
          • Task 3- Part 2
        • Task 2- Snack Attack
        • Task 4- Dynamic Dialogue
        • Task 1
      • Information Reports
      • Talk 4 Writing- Suspense >
        • Suspense Picture Prompts
        • Suspense Cold Task
      • T4W Mr Big- Characterisation >
        • Characterisation
        • The Most Magnificent Thing
        • Fronted Adverbials
        • Can you do better?
      • Writing Prompts
      • The Tree Giants
      • Newspaper Article
      • Talk 4 Writing- Narrative >
        • Character Descriptions
      • Persuasive Writing >
        • Persuasive Writing Task
        • Persuasive T4W Model Text
        • T4W: Persuasive Model Text
        • Introduction (Persuasive)
        • Rhetorical Questions
        • Hyperbole
      • T4W: Explanation Texts >
        • Auxiliary (Helping Verbs)
    • Novel Study >
      • Varjak Paw
      • Malamander >
        • Front Cover
    • Spelling >
      • Term 3 >
        • Week 1
        • Week 2
    • Fluency >
      • Term 2 Fluency Passages
      • Term 3 Fluency Passages
      • Term 4 Fluency Passages
      • 6 Minute Fluency
  • MATH
    • Year 4/5 Math WA Curriculum
    • Year 4/5 Math Judging Standards
    • NUMBER & ALGEBRA >
      • Fractions >
        • Fraction Wall
        • Equivalent Fractions
      • Inverse Operations
      • Division
      • Odd/Even Prime/Composite >
        • Odd/ Even
        • Prime and Composite
      • Factors and Multiples
      • Place Value >
        • Place Value Lessons
        • Place Value Resources
      • Estimation & Rounding
    • Money
    • Place Value
    • Arrays
    • Column Addition
    • Ordering Numbers
    • Time >
      • Time
      • Converting 24hr Time
      • Time -Task 2
      • Time =Task 3
      • Word Problems- Time >
        • Time Word Problems 2
        • Word Problems-Time LS
    • Math Fact Fluency- Why? >
      • Basic Fact Practice
      • 6 x Tables
      • 7 x Tables
      • 8 x Tables
      • Multiplication Mash up
    • MEASUREMENT & GEOMETRY >
      • Mass
      • Length
      • Perimeter
      • Area >
        • Area of Irregular Shapes
        • Perimeter and Area Project
      • Geometry- Angles >
        • Polyominoes
        • Transformations
        • Volume Squish
  • HASS
    • Year 4 HASS Curriculum
    • HASS Yr 4 Judging Standards
    • HISTORY >
      • Explorer Research
      • Endeavour
      • Dreaming with Eyes Wide Open
      • NAIDOC >
        • The Rabbits
      • Jandamarra
    • ANZAC Day >
      • Haiku Poetry
    • Geography >
      • Africa
      • Climate
    • Civics & Citizenship >
      • Rules and Laws
      • Levels of Government
      • Community
      • BTN-Kids Contribute
  • SCIENCE
    • Year 4 Science Curriculum
    • Yr 4 Science Judging Standards
    • Year 4 Physical Science- Force and Motion >
      • Forces >
        • Contact and Non-Contact Forces
        • Air Resistance & Bouyancy
        • Forces- Magnetism
        • Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
    • Fair Experiments
    • Biological Science >
      • Plants and Photosynthesis
      • Food Chain Vs Food Web
      • Food Web Stations
      • Life Cycle Stations >
        • READ IT!
        • EXPLORE!
        • ORGANISE!
        • EXTEND!
        • VOCABULARY!
      • Ecosystem/ Food Web Project
    • Chemical Science
    • Yr 4 Earth Space and Science >
      • Earth & Space Science Stations
      • Natural & Human Activities
  • DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
    • Year 4/5 Digital Technologies Curriculum
    • Net Smart Kids
    • Microbit
    • Peripheral Devices
    • Green Screen iMovie
    • Typing
    • Code
    • Dash & Dot
    • BINARY
    • Minecraft Edu >
      • Minecraft Hour of Code
      • Minecraft Comic Challenge
      • Inspiration Island
      • Minecraft- Starter Town
  • DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES
    • Design Technologies Curriculum
    • Designing/ Design Process
  • SEESAW- For Teachers
  • Minecraft Community
  • Biological Science
  • STEAM- CUPS
  • Personification
  • Mother's Day
  • Code- Bad Guys
  • Materials Investigation
  • Angles Extension
  • Padlet
  • Narwals- Information Text
  • Growth Mindset
  • Special Days
  • Assembly
  • BTN- Glass
  • PAT